2024 Thematic Discussions on the Implementation of All International Drug Policy Commitments, Following-up to the 2019 Ministerial Declaration
Chair: (Welcome)
Secretariat: (organizational matters)
Moderator/ intro, Ms. Anja Korenblik, Chief, Geospatial Analysis and Programme Delivery Section, RAB, UNODC: Good morning, everyone. We’ll begin this session on the challenges in the cultivation and production of narcotic drugs and psychoactive substances with a few slides reviewing the latest trends. Globally, drug supply is increasing. Cocaine production has reached record levels, with higher cultivation and manufacturing, particularly in Colombia. This cocaine, produced mainly in the Andean region, is distributed globally, predominantly to North America and Western Europe, but it’s increasingly reaching other regions, including Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Africa, previously a transit region, is now experiencing spillover in local consumption. We also see expanded trafficking routes toward East Asia and Oceania. Regarding opioids, there was a significant contraction in Afghan opium supply in 2023 due to the government’s cultivation ban. Afghan farmers are growing less opium, leading to high prices. While we observe fewer heroin seizures in transit countries, this has not yet led to shortages in destination countries due to previously accumulated stockpiles. Cannabis remains the most trafficked drug globally, mainly in the form of herbal cannabis. Trafficking in amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) has also seen a notable increase worldwide, with high seizure levels in Eastern and Southeast Asia, Western and Central Europe, and Southeastern Europe. The use and trafficking of ketamine are also on the rise, particularly in East Asia, and expanding to new markets in North America and Europe. Additionally, the emergence of nitazenes, a group of synthetic opioids, is increasingly associated with health risks, including fatalities in some countries. We’re also seeing new trends, such as “drug cocktails” that mix controlled substances, pharmaceuticals, alcohol, and other harmful chemicals. This phenomenon, noted in regions like Africa, is spreading, raising concerns due to the presence of dangerous, unregulated ingredients. Lastly, I want to highlight the environmental impact of the drug economy. Deforestation from drug crop cultivation is a serious concern, but indirect impacts are even more profound. Profits from drug trafficking are often reinvested into other environmental-damaging activities, such as cattle farming, soil-degrading practices, and illicit mining. Chemical waste from drug production pollutes water, soil, and air, especially in remote areas with limited governance, like the Amazon and tri-border areas. Here, we observe an intersection of drug cultivation, illegal mining, wildlife trafficking, and sometimes human trafficking. As an example, in an indigenous community in Peru, we’ve tracked coca cultivation, road expansion, and new settlements over time. The expansion is visually evident through maps showing a gradual increase in red dots for coca crops, green for roads, and yellow for cocaine labs. Over the years, these developments have visibly altered the environment.
Chair: Are there any comments or questions at this stage? If not, we’ll turn to Ms. Korenblik to begin the panel discussions.
Moderator: Thank you, Mr. Chair. As on previous days, we will have a few questions for the panelists. Some are here with me, while others are joining online. I would like to call on the expert from the Directorate General of the Narcotics Control Commission to share insights on good practices in digital forensics that can aid in the detection and dismantling of clandestine laboratories.
(tech difficulties)
For now, we will move on to the next panelist then.
Germany (panel) Ms. Sarah David, German International Cooperation Association: It is a great pleasure to be here today, and I’d like to share some insights from our work, which I hope will address the question posed to me. The Global Partnership on Drug Policies and Development (GPDPD) is a project implemented by GIZ on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). As the head of this program, I’m proud to say we’ve been promoting a development-oriented and human rights-based transformative drug policy over the past decade. Allow me to mention a few examples from our work that have contributed to advancements in this field. To begin, I’d like to focus on our efforts at the multilateral global level. As you may know, Germany, along with our esteemed partners from Thailand and Peru, has made significant strides in recent years to embed the topic of development-oriented drug policy within the international arena. We have introduced resolutions, conference room papers, and held meetings—demonstrating the strength of partnerships that work collaboratively on such important issues. Additionally, there are other initiatives we’ve supported, which I believe serve as strong examples of a way forward. For instance, the environmental aspects of drug policies require increased collaboration and attention, as demonstrated in the presentations we’ve seen. One example I’d like to highlight is the International Guidelines on Human Rights and Drug Policy. Supported by BMZ since 2016, this collaborative process brought together UN entities, civil society organizations, academia, and member states to create guidance on aligning drug policies with human rights principles. A more recent example is related to a conference – for the first time, we organized a session within the Global Landscape Forum in a special forum on alternative development and the environment. Colombia and Brazil deserve commendation for their side events, which focused on joint drug and environmental policies. I believe this was an important first step, as bringing this topic to broader forums can help us leverage additional funding, particularly from climate finance instruments and the private sector. Regarding practical application, at the regional and national levels, we have not only advanced these issues normatively through resolutions but have also facilitated the sharing of best practices, technical assistance, and research. In the past few years, we’ve observed growing interest in alternative development from a wider range of countries, with specific conditions that differ significantly from traditional rural contexts. Responding to requests from several Latin American and European countries, we conducted a study within the framework of an EU-funded program called COCONUT (?). This study involved consultations across 12 countries, gathering insights from stakeholders and exploring innovative alternative development practices. Our findings show that alternative development measures are shifting from substance-focused approaches to people-centered approaches, emphasizing long-term visions of transitioning economies and enhancing social cohesion in diverse settings. These approaches can be applied in various contexts, forming a toolbox to address the root causes of drug supply activities in a territory-based way. Finally, I’d like to note that there is a mandate from this year’s CND to review the principles of alternative development. This is a crucial task for the coming months, and we rely on the support of member states and relevant entities. Thank you very much.
Mexico: Thank you for the presentation—many positive developments were shared. One thing that stood out was the shift from a product-based approach to a people-centered approach in alternative development. It’s encouraging to see a focus on social and economic solutions that provide alternatives to prevent involvement in trafficking and production. It’s also very interesting to consider the impact on agricultural labor and production related to psychoactive substances, especially given the current trend moving from natural, organic substances toward synthetic, chemical ones, which require less workforce. My question is about the impact this shift from natural to chemical drugs might have on alternative development projects. Are there strategies in place to address this challenge, as it presents a new need for states to balance support for these communities?
Germany: In terms of trends, in certain territories, our recent work—especially in the Amazon and the Northern Triangle—has shown a convergence of various types of criminal activities. It’s not just drug cultivation; this convergence negatively impacts both local communities and the environment. Addressing this fully is beyond what we can currently handle, which is one of the main conclusions from our analysis. I’ll pass your question along to my colleagues and follow up with more information if possible.
Peru: I would like to build upon what my colleague from Mexico mentioned. I believe it is essential to advance this approach with stronger collaboration between agencies. I think UNIDO was missing from my colleague’s statement – UNIDO, with its expertise in product standardization and market-driven approaches, should be part of future efforts, alongside the other agencies mentioned. Alternative development, in my view, is a powerful tool—not only for improving the livelihoods of affected communities and indigenous peoples involved in the illicit drug economy but also as an essential instrument to address climate and environmental impacts. As we know, illicit cultivation contributes significantly to deforestation, soil contamination, and water pollution.
Colombia: Thank you for the insightful presentation this morning. Last month, Colombia hosted the Biodiversity COP 16, where we emphasized the intersection of crimes impacting the environment and biodiversity conservation by addressing the environmental consequences of drug trafficking and other illicit economies. With this in mind, I would like to ask: how can we globally raise awareness about the significant environmental impacts of drug economies and the increasingly close link these have with other criminal activities here in Vienna? Thank you.
Moderator: Perhaps I can direct this question to the panelists and to the floor, if anyone would like to respond. At UNODC, we have addressed this topic in two chapters of the World Drug Report, examining environmental impacts for the first time two years ago—specifically in the Amazon and another critical region, the “Northern Triangle.” Thank you.
Germany (panel): These are indeed insightful questions from Mexico and Colombia. While I don’t have a precise answer at the moment, this highlights the importance of building synergies and reaching out to other entities for collaboration. Colombia has already made significant strides in this direction, but expanding and scaling up these efforts is crucial. This discussion today should serve as a starting point and an incentive for us all to consider how best to pursue this collaboration.
Bolivia: Good morning, everyone. Regarding Colombia’s question, I believe it’s essential to begin these dialogues here and ensure that the voices of those most affected, particularly small farmers, peasants, and indigenous peoples, are represented, especially within our regions.
South Africa: Thank you for the insightful presentations so far. I have a question regarding alternative development. While it may seem straightforward to replace one agricultural crop with another, it is more complex when considering alternative development in areas like South Africa, where we have issues such as drug laboratories. How do we transform these illicit operations, like drug labs, into something that can benefit communities? For example, can the infrastructure or knowledge from these illicit activities be repurposed into alternative development that can improve livelihoods? In South Africa, we see that proceeds from crime and drug trafficking are sometimes used to benefit local communities, but we haven’t fully explored how to leverage the expertise and resources used in these illicit operations for constructive purposes. I would like to know if anyone here can share examples or insights on how, beyond agricultural alternative development, similar transformations have been achieved in other regions. This would help us understand how to use existing knowledge and systems for the benefit of affected communities. Thank you very much.
Moderator: I think you’re referring to innovative approaches to alternative development that focus on people, social fabric, and community context, rather than just substances. This is sometimes called “urban alternative development,” which targets urban areas where illicit economies like drug trafficking are prevalent. While not an expert, I can mention that urban alternative development looks at economic opportunities, education, and social integration within cities. It involves vocational training, safe spaces, and local decision-making to address the root causes of illicit activities.
Germany: Thank you for the question, distinguished delegate from South Africa. This brings us to the challenge of what exactly constitutes urban alternative development. The issue you’re raising is primarily related to synthetic drugs in rural areas, not urban issues per se. However, the solutions to this problem still lie in development measures, focusing on providing alternative livelihoods, as well as strengthening rule of law and providing basic services—core principles of integrated development. We have analyzed countries trying to implement such interventions, and there are some good examples. Brazil has seen some success in urban areas, while Thailand has pioneered rural interventions against drug trafficking. These approaches can include agriculture-based solutions, but also tourism or other sectoral interventions. In particular, there’s potential in exploring industrial and medicinal cannabis uses. Some countries are looking at integrating small-scale farmers into the value chains of the growing cannabis industry, but this depends on the regulatory framework in each country. Hemp, with its industrial applications, holds great potential, but more research and investment are needed to fully realize it.
Ghana (panel) Mr. Kenneth Adu-Amanfoh, Director General Narcotics Control Commission: (technical issues)
Thailand (panel) Mr. Pongsak Angkasith, Professor Emeritus and Executive Board Member at the Royal Project Foundation: On behalf of the Royal Project Foundation, I would like to thank you for inviting us to attend this intersession meeting of CMD 67. Our foundation has been working on strengthening professional capacity to implement sustainable alternative development programs. Since 1969, under the Royal Project Foundation, Thailand has been engaged in alternative development in the highlands, successfully controlling the expansion of illicit cultivation. However, with changing global socio-economic and environmental conditions, particularly regarding synthetic drugs, we are facing new challenges. To address this, Thailand is continuing its efforts with alternative development programs that focus on socio-economic and environmental development. The Thai government supports these efforts, with the Prime Minister chairing the National Committee for Highland Development. The development of alternative solutions for the highlands has become a national agenda, supported by various organizations. In the coming years, the Thai government has approved a five-year development plan for alternative development to address the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the highlands. This plan involves collaboration among government organizations, the private sector, and the Royal Project Foundation, alongside the Highland Research and Development Institute. We also invite everyone to attend our upcoming International Conference in Chiang Mai from December 1st to 4th, where we will discuss sustainable development goals, empowering development partners, and strengthening the capacity of alternative development programs. The executive director of UNODC will be delivering the keynote address, and experts from various organizations, including FAO and neighboring countries like Myanmar, will be joining us. This conference will include both in-person and online participation. We hope this gathering will help shape the future of sustainable alternative development and empower communities to address ongoing challenges. Thank you again, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity to speak.
Colombia: How can we improve alternative development projects that have so far focused on commodities like coffee, cocoa, and fruits, as well as activities aimed at generating value chains and industrialization processes? Specifically, how can we transition from agribusiness to agri-industrial projects?
Thailand: As we have seen in the Royal Project model in Thailand, alternative development can be successfully implemented when various stakeholders, including government organizations and the private sector, work together. In 2016, we began a program aimed at regressing opium cultivation in a specific area, focusing on over 400 hectares of land. Over eight years, we have worked with farmers, guiding them toward sustainable alternatives such as coffee, vegetables, and food crops. We found that the key to success was a combined effort, which involved improving infrastructure, such as road access to remote areas, and creating partnerships with the private sector. These efforts have significantly helped local farmers transition away from illicit crops. Additionally, we have implemented social marketing programs that enable farmers to earn income through cooperatives and other market-driven approaches. This collaborative model, supported by government policies, can be replicated and expanded to strengthen the capacity of farmers in other regions as well. By uniting these efforts, we are seeing positive results that strengthen communities and improve the socio-economic conditions of the farmers involved. Thank you for the question.
Chair:I would like to contribute to the discussion raised by Colombia. I believe that alternative development must adopt an integrated approach, which takes into account several key dimensions. Firstly, we must prioritize clean energy, plant reduction, and sustainable supply chains. These are crucial to ensure that alternative development is not only effective but also environmentally responsible. Additionally, we cannot overlook the importance of establishing viable markets for alternative products. Farmers must have access to markets that will allow them to add value to the products they are growing. Without this, they are left vulnerable, as they will not be able to sustain their livelihood through alternative crops. EThis should be done in a way that sustaines both the environment and the community’s well-being. Collaboration between various sectors—government, private, and civil society—will be useful.
Bolivia (panel) Ms. Maria Materna, Chargeé d’Affairs, Permanent Mission of Bolivia to the UN in Vienna: I would like to present the approach of the Bolivian government, which is embodied in our new strategy against drug trafficking and the controlled expansion of coca crops. This strategy takes an integrated and sustainable approach for small-scale farmers and other relevant stakeholders, with a deep respect for cultural heritage. Bolivia has pioneered a model that both controls and dignifies the coca leaf and the coca farmers. Our approach is built upon two main pillars: the social control model and internal development with coca leaf production. These pillars shape Bolivia’s practices, which are sustainable, culturally rooted, and economically viable. They effectively limit coca production to authorized traditional purposes, improving the living conditions of our farmers. This is our primary goal. The first pillar, the social control model, involves coca leaf producers playing an active role in the regulation process. The farmers themselves monitor and ensure that cultivation does not exceed the maximum area allowed per family. Bolivia’s commitment to the international community is to limit coca cultivation strictly for ancestral and medicinal carbon production in authorized zones, with a total of 22,000 hectares. To ensure compliance, producers participate in a registration system, and ongoing monitoring is supported by universities. Any excess coca cultivation is subject to eradication. In 2023, for instance, Bolivia successfully eradicated 10,000 hectares of excess cultivation, without using force or violating human rights. This approach fosters self-management, ensuring production remains confined to approved areas for legitimate use, while also preventing over-cultivation. As a result, Bolivia has seen the lowest growth rate in coca cultivation in recent years, representing only 8% of the region’s total in 2023, down from 20% in 2010. The second pillar focuses on internal development with the coca leaf. Bolivia bridges the cultural and economic role of coca by permitting regulated production, while promoting comprehensive local development supported by the international community. This model allows communities to integrate coca into their local economies in a legal and sustainable manner. Farmers actively participate in designing, monitoring, and executing programs that improve their living conditions. Bolivia’s approach recognizes that alternative development can include certain traditional practices, and this inclusive model aims to support the well-being of farmers and indigenous communities. We are advancing the industrial, medicinal, and nutritional uses of the coca leaf through codified policies, which provides a framework for research and development in these areas. For us, the coca leaf is not a drug, but a medicinal resource rich in nutrients and health benefits. Over 3.5 million people in Bolivia consume the coca leaf, both in rural and urban areas, benefiting from legal markets and creating new opportunities for coca farming communities. This approach strikes a balance between coca leaf policy and sustainable development, ensuring fairness and dignity for our farmers. Bolivia has formally requested that the WHO review the classification of the coca leaf under the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, a classification made without scientific evidence at the time. This year, we organized the first International Symposium on the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, where national and international scientists presented evidence that the coca leaf, in its natural form, is not an addictive drug. Finally, I would like to emphasize that this approach shows it is possible to balance human rights, cultural and ancestral traditions, sustainable development, and security, without compromising the dignity of our communities. We encourage all nations to support our request for a balanced and scientifically grounded evaluation of the coca leaf, and to recognize its cultural significance and benefits. Thank you very much.
Moderator: I think this last topic will be discussed tomorrow afternoon, so I suggest that we avoid, perhaps we restrain from discussing this today, question from the floor, when dimensions, please?
Venezuela: I have a two-part question for Bolivia. First, how does the Bolivian government ensure that coca crops are not expanded or diverted for uses other than those intended for cultural purposes? Specifically, how does the government ensure that the product of coca cultivation is not diverted for illicit purposes, such as cocaine production? Second, could the panelists provide further clarification on the traditional use of coca leaves by indigenous people? I would like to understand what these uses are, how they are protected, and how the traditional use of coca differs from the consumption of illicit drugs, such as cocaine, that we see in other parts of the world. I understand that this is not the case in Bolivia and other Andean countries, but I would appreciate help in understanding the differences. Thank you.
Bolivia: Regarding the first part of the question, as I mentioned earlier, Bolivia is committed to working with the international community to tackle illicit coca cultivation. Our focus is on dismantling the criminal organizations involved in drug production, rather than criminalizing farmers, indigenous communities, or patients. For example, in 2021, over the past four years, Bolivia has carried out more than 40,000 operations against drug trafficking, resulting in reductions in illegal production while respecting human rights and the dignity of farmers. These efforts have led to a significant increase in operations, with a 174% rise in seizures compared to a decade ago. Furthermore, the UNODC has validated the destruction of 97% of the seized drugs, ensuring transparency in these efforts with the international community. Regarding the second question, thank you for asking. You brought up an important point, and I want to stress that the coca leaf is part of our daily lives in Bolivian communities. We often have coca leaf tea on our tables, probably every day, and it does not have the same effects as the drug derived from this plant. Our grandmothers used coca leaves to heal us when we had stomach aches or headaches, and it is part of our rituals and traditions, deeply embedded in our heritage as indigenous people. This is why it is so important for us to share this with all of you, as it’s time to address the historical mistake we’ve been facing. We will discuss this more tomorrow. Thank you.
Mexico: My question is about incorporating a human rights dimension into your policies, ensuring that the human rights of all persons are respected without discrimination. This question arises from some of the comments we’ve heard. Additionally, I would like to ask about the financial aspect of human rights in relation to your policies. While your new policies against drug trafficking are strong, how are they strengthening your response to the challenges faced by your government and country?
Bolivia: As mentioned before, the new policies we have implemented since 2006 emphasize the non-criminalization of farmers and peasants in Bolivia, who were previously persecuted. The main focus is to ensure better consultation regarding our commitments related to the legal production carried out by the communities. Thank you.
MS: Thank you to the panelists for their presentations. I also have a quick question for Bolivia. You mentioned the critical review by the WHO, and I was wondering if you could provide a brief overview of the current status—what has happened so far and what the next steps are? If this is something you’ll address tomorrow, I’m happy to wait for the answer, but I just wanted to put this on the record. Thank you.
Moderator: There is a specific point in the agenda on this, so I suggest we keep it for tomorrow.
Colombia: I have another question I would like to follow up on regarding Bolivia. What I want to add is that the real problem lies in the transformation of coca into illicit products, not traditional, medicinal, or scientific uses. These are clearly two different issues.
UNDP (panel) Mr. Boyan Konstantinov, Policy Specialist, HIV, Health and Development : This discussion is fascinating, and I wish I could elaborate on these issues further. What I was planning to talk about is an upcoming publication on the development dimensions. This will be the third publication in the series, which we hope to launch in March. I was hoping to give the audience a bit of a preview of the report and discussion paper. The reason we decided to develop this third volume is because the drug dilemma that we all know has changed substantially over the past years, and it’s still evolving. While we see progress in life and space management and people-centered policies, there is still much more to be done. UNDP is partnering to support international guidelines on human rights and drug policy reforms. We know that the drug trade generates enormous revenue—estimated at around $600 billion—and we must look into sustainable opportunities to prevent this from benefiting organized crime networks, while disproportionately affecting low-income regions. We are also witnessing emerging illicit markets and their implications, including the involvement of multinational operations, such as the tobacco, alcohol, and pharmaceutical industries. We need to address these issues and find strategies to prevent luxury products from benefiting these industries while leaving people behind. To structure this discussion paper, we begin with the discourse on economic and sustainable livelihoods. Emerging markets like these have the potential for a fair approach, prioritizing social equity and involving impacted communities to avoid perpetuating economic inequities and illicit markets. We also look at government and security challenges, including the role of the military, and the opportunity to shift policies to strengthen governance that promotes land rights and stabilizes regions, providing sustainable alternatives to illicit activities. We will explore the development implications in the context of public health. As you may know, I work globally on HIV, and close to 40 million people live with HIV. 1.6 million of them live in situations that are disproportionately affected by vulnerabilities like gender-based violence. By redirecting resources from punitive enforcement to health initiatives, we have seen better outcomes and social value. Human rights and drug policy in the context of sustainable development are interconnected. We discuss the right to privacy, bodily autonomy, and the rights of marginalized groups, including indigenous people, and how these can be used to foster sustainable development and peace. Environmental impacts are also a serious concern. We are grateful for the opportunity to discuss this and the environmental issues related to drug policy. We want to continue this conversation, looking at deforestation, biodiversity loss, and pollution, especially from eradication methods like spraying. We advocate for sustainable approaches that mitigate negative environmental impacts while supporting economic growth and protecting local communities. In this paper, we provide case studies from Bolivia, Ghana, Colombia, Brazil, the United States, as well as regional trends. One key recommendation is to promote international cooperation and meaningful dialogue between governments and international organizations to identify best practices and avoid mistakes. We also emphasize using the SDGs as a guiding framework beyond a friendly journey and a holistic approach that incorporates poverty, inequality, health, environmental sustainability, and access to justice. Another key recommendation is fostering community engagement, addressing structural drivers of the illicit drug trade like poverty, inequality, and modernization, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. We also call for reducing the reliance on incarceration and reevaluating militarized approaches. We offer strategic considerations for establishing strong regulatory frameworks for emerging markets, ensuring equity programs, and anti-monopoly protections for small stakeholders. Environmental protection must also be integrated into product quality reforms, with sustainability and environmental standards in mind. We look forward to releasing the paper soon. Thank you very much for your attention.
Moderator: For us, some of the projects in UNDP focus on various aspects of development, human rights, and drug policies. Are there any comments from the room? No. I suggest we now move to the panel expert joining us online.
Ghana (panel) Mr. Kenneth Adu-Amanfoh, Director General Narcotics Control Commission: Mr. Chair, thank you for the opportunity to participate in this expert discussion on illicit drug cultivation, electrification, and dismantling clandestine labs involved in illicit cultivation. Specialized digital forensic practices ensure thorough investigation, preservation of evidence, and support the broader goal of fully dismantling the operations behind these illegal activities. Some of the best practices to consider include: (1) Initial Digital Evidence Assessment: First, we must secure the scene to prevent any tampering with digital evidence. This includes devices like computers, mobile phones, and any other digital assets involved in the cultivation activity. Before physically handling any device, the digital forensic team should assess whether the devices are connected to external networks to prevent remote data tampering. (2) Specialized Digital Forensic Tools: Specialized tools, such as write blockers, allow forensic images to be created without altering the original data. This is crucial as evidence is needed for prosecution in court. Tools like NKs, FTK, and Noros Digital Forensic Software are available—some even off the shelf—and are necessary for examining files, emails, and transactional logs that may reveal details about precursor chemicals or illicit activities. (3) Network Forensics: Communication tracing and network forensics help identify the networks involved and reveal additional information about the illicit operations. (4) Link Analysis and Conspirator Identification: Using data and relation tools, we can identify relationships among suspects, financial transactions, and locations, revealing broader networks and potential accomplices. This also helps in identifying conspirators involved in the operations. (5) Cryptocurrency and Financial Tracking: Many illicit transactions now use cryptocurrency as a mode of money laundering. Blockchain analysis tools (e.g., Chainalysis) are vital for tracking cryptocurrency transactions, potentially exposing suppliers and partners. Additionally, analyzing payment accounts and credit card statements can help track funds used for the purchase of chemicals and lab equipment. (6) Documentation: Every step, from evidence collection to analysis, must be meticulously documented to ensure evidence integrity and admissibility in court. Hashes are used to verify that data remains unchanged throughout the process. (7) Collaboration with Other Agencies: Partnering with agencies like the DEA, Interpol, and local law enforcement can enhance intelligence gathering and help track equipment and operations across borders. (8) Training and Knowledge Updates: Continuous training, including class-based and scenario-based exercises, is essential for keeping up with the evolving landscape of digital forensics. These training sessions help enhance capabilities in identifying and dismantling illicit operations.
NGO (panel) Ms. Sedef Ercetin Gencosmanoglu, Turkish Green Crescent Society: Despite the involvement of the Turkish Green Criminal Society in countries like Afghanistan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh, the welfare foundation and partnerships are also engaged in addressing the global trade of drugs, especially as the world’s largest producer and supplier. This issue is impacting rural communities that rely on opium cultivation for their income, with economic challenges accelerating the difficulty of transitioning farmers to alternative livelihoods. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these issues, contributing to increased drug use and disruptions in drug trafficking operations, which in turn has altered supply and demand dynamics. There is a growing concern about public health and security as illicit drug production and trafficking continue to present major challenges. These challenges are rooted in complex local and international dynamics that affect global drug markets. Efforts to address these issues require the active involvement of non-governmental actors, including NGOs and community leaders, in prevention, education, and providing economic alternatives to combat addiction. By coordinating actions, we can enhance recovery efforts and support impacted communities.
Moderator: Thank you. Is there anyone who would like to share initiatives from organizations working to prevent the cultivation and production of drugs in your country?
Bolivia: I believe it’s important to bring perspectives from different parts of the world to highlight how shifts in drug supply affect local opportunities. For us, maintaining constant dialogue with community organizations at the national level is crucial. It’s the only way to understand the challenges on the ground and develop effective solutions for affected communities. I believe our discussions today reflect positive progress in this direction. Thank you.
Moderator: The floor is now open.
UK: I would like to provide an update from the high-level segment of the CND in March. At that time, the UK Minister responsible for drug strategy delivered a pledge on behalf of the UK, committing to working with global partners to build capacity for tackling drug supply, delivering addiction treatment to support innovation, and expanding the evidence base for what works in drug and alcohol treatment and recovery. Since then, we have implemented enforcement and capacity-building projects internationally, with crucial operational support from our global partners to make these projects effective. In addition, our collaboration with institutions such as Interpol has been vital in disrupting the flow of drugs and other illegal commodities worldwide. In April and May 2024, the UK supported Interpol in delivering Operation Lionfish Hurricane, which resulted in the seizure of drugs valued at 1.6 billion US dollars, along with firearms and exclusive planes. We must continue to work closely with institutions like Interpol to facilitate strong operational collaboration across the globe. Our initiative has since been renamed the Addiction Healthcare Goals Program. In October, the program announced £12 million in funding for 11 projects aimed at tackling drug deaths and improving addiction treatment and recovery through innovation. These projects involve partnerships between industry, academia, and treatment providers. The innovations supported include wearables and sensor technology, novel antidote formulations, assisted psychotherapies, virtual reality, and AI-enabled applications and tools. The UK government is committed to expanding research on evidence-based drug and alcohol treatment, refreshing guidelines, and launching two projects that offer up lived experience, recovery organizations, and classes, coordinating the involvement of people with lived and living experience in our programs. With strengthened peer leadership, we aim to gain more insights into how to improve policy and practice, ultimately helping more people reduce harm, get support, and recover. Thank you.
South Africa: South Africa has capacitated 79 prevention officers on the Universal Prevention Curriculum in collaboration with the Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Program. The training focused on three specialized tracks: youth, school, and community. Secondly, 359 professionals in the field of substance use disorder treatment were trained through the Universal Treatment Curriculum. This program is implemented in all public treatment centers across all provinces in South Africa. Thirdly, South Africa has implemented prevention and intervention measures, such as the Digging Empowerment Program, which addresses gender-based violence, social crimes, and substance use among children and institutions of higher learning. Fourthly, South Africa initiated interventions for children with substance use disorders, in collaboration with the Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Program and training partners, starting in September 2024. Lastly, South Africa is currently reviewing the quality of treatment services through the implementation of quality assurance strategies and the Healing Framework from the UNODC’s global project on the treatment of substance use disorders. The Department of Social Development is working closely with the UNODC to improve the quality of treatment services. Today, a consultative workshop is being held in this regard. South Africa is now listening to the discussion on controlling substances. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
EU: The report highlights that drug availability remains high in Europe across all substance types, fueled by large-scale imports and production within the European Union. Cannabis and cocaine continue to be the most consumed drugs in Europe. Most cannabis consumed in the EU is produced domestically. Cocaine is the second most consumed illicit drug in Europe, and its availability has been steadily increasing over the years. There is a growing trend for certain stages of cocaine production to take place within the EU. Industrial-scale production of cannabis and synthetic drugs, such as amphetamines, methamphetamines, MDMA, and synthetic cathinones, serves both domestic and international markets. Innovation in illicit drug production has led to higher potency or purity levels, potentially increasing health risks. There are concerns about potent synthetic opioids, which are sometimes mixed with other drugs or medicines. MDMA is often adulterated with synthetic cathinones, and cannabis products are increasingly adulterated with synthetic cannabinoids. Most of the heroin in Europe comes from Afghanistan. The ban on opium cultivation and production is expected to affect supply in the coming years, and a future heroin shortage could be filled by potent synthetic opioids or stimulants. The report also highlights the increasing seizures of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, active substances, and drug precursors, which pose new challenges in their storage, treatment, and disposal. These substances can have significant negative environmental, health, and safety impacts, as emphasized in last year’s CD resolution 66/2 on the safe handling and disposal of synthetic drugs. The economic costs of disposing of these substances must also be considered. To address these issues, the EU and its Member States continue to implement the EU drug strategy and action plan with an evidence-based, integrated approach. We are also carrying out the EU strategy to tackle organized crime, which focuses on dismantling criminal networks involved in drug trafficking. This includes a number of operational actions aimed at combating drug trafficking and organized crime. Additionally, we remain committed to development-oriented drug policies and alternative development measures to address illicit cultivation and drug trafficking. It is crucial to address the root causes of illicit drug crop cultivation and related issues through measures that respect human rights, promote gender equality, and contribute to environmental protection and conservation. This will foster sustainable change in vulnerable communities. Mr. Chair, illicit drug cultivation and production are global issues, and synthetic drugs are produced and consumed worldwide, giving criminal groups increased flexibility. Our efforts to address the drug situation are not enough, as evidenced by the increasing quantities of drugs seized over the past decade. Therefore, it is vital for all of us to work together to address the illicit cultivation and production of drugs and psychotropic substances. We must offer affected communities in urban and rural areas alternatives that respect human rights and the environment. Thank you.
Peru: According to the cultivation reports validated by the UN, Peru has achieved positive results in reducing the area dedicated to coca cultivation after years of consistent growth. In 2023, notable decreases in coca cultivation were recorded in certain areas, with reductions ranging from 9% to 58%. However, increases were reported in other areas. Overall, in 2023, Peru reported a decrease of 2,224 hectares of coca crops, marking the first decline in eight years and bringing the total area under cultivation to approximately 92,784 hectares. This reduction is attributed to successful interventions in several coca-producing regions. Peruvian reforms focus on strategic eradication efforts and providing alternative development options. In 2023, 22,734 hectares were eradicated, though these levels have not yet reached the low levels seen during the COVID pandemic. Alternative development programs in Peru aim to provide renewable economic options by increasing agricultural training, improving market access, and enhancing infrastructure to facilitate the transportation of larger quantities. The support of the UNODC and international partnerships, including the work of the expert group on alternative development, has played a significant role in the success of these programs. However, significant challenges remain in combating illicit coca cultivation and cocaine production. One key issue is breaking the economic dependency of rural and indigenous communities on coca cultivation in areas where state presence is limited and poverty is widespread. In these areas, coca provides a steady and lucrative income for farmers, unlike legal crops such as coffee or cacao, which have lower yields and face market challenges. Infrastructure limitations, poor market access, and lack of technical support make it difficult for farmers to transition to legal crops. Additionally, the presence of transnational crime organizations plays a substantial role, as they control local economies and facilitate trafficking. The Peruvian government has increased law enforcement interventions, particularly in the central and other coca-producing areas. However, the challenging terrain and limited resources make it difficult to establish a sustained state presence. Environmental degradation caused by coca cultivation also complicates efforts, as the illicit production process involves harmful chemicals and deforestation. This degradation affects biodiversity and public health, especially in vulnerable Amazonian regions. To address these impacts, Peru’s drug policy includes environmental protection initiatives, such as promoting reforestation and sustainable agriculture in areas transitioning away from coca cultivation. In summary, Peru’s approach to the coca industry combines security and environmental measures. While progress has been made in reducing cultivation, sustained support and investment are needed, especially in expanding infrastructure, improving market access, and enhancing security. These efforts remain critical to reducing communities’ dependency on coca and building a lawful, resilient future.
Colombia: Between 2014 and 2023, a total of 2,923,317 hectares have been forcibly eradicated in Colombia. This is equivalent to an area the size of Belgium, with 2,900,900 hectares eradicated. When taking into account monitoring data, the total number reaches 4.4 million hectares. We have eradicated approximately 253,000 hectares of coca cultivation, and some may argue that this record is due to the fact that we are no longer forcibly eradicating. Allow me to explain why that is not the case. First, let’s do the math. We have been eradicating an average of 100,000 hectares per year. Yet, despite this, for the past five years, the number of hectares under cultivation has remained above 200,000. This shows that the strategy is not working. I listened to Peru’s presentation and sympathize with their efforts. They have had some success in eradicating a smaller number of hectares, but they still face a huge challenge, as we do in Colombia. Forcible eradication has a heavy human and environmental toll. Our peasant communities have been victims of misdirected policies, and we have decided to put our people first. The destructive impact of eradication on the environment has been significant, damaging forests and water sources. These measures have led to severe environmental consequences, including contamination of water, degradation of soil, and loss of biodiversity, leaving long-lasting ecological damage in vulnerable regions. These short-term solutions prioritize immediate gains at the expense of long-term sustainability, harming ecosystems that are essential to the health and stability of Colombia, the most biodiverse country in the world. Forcible eradication is not a sustainable solution. For example, the last UNODC report announced a 95% reduction in opium cultivation in Afghanistan as a great achievement, without mentioning the associated human rights violations. It is also important to note that opium cultivation increased by 19% in the second year after the transplant program began. So, are we happy to be the number one exporter of cocaine in the world? No, absolutely not. But let us be clear: we are producing cocaine to serve your markets. The production and consumption cycle will not take us anywhere. Blaming each other does not solve the problem. We do not want you to crush your markets or persecute your consumers, as past efforts have failed and come at a high human rights cost. Nobody here wants a world full of problematic cocaine users. So, how do we manage the flow of cocaine into your countries in a way that respects human rights? We need to work together to address this challenge. Colombia asks for three things: 1. Support Bolivia’s review of the coca leaf at the World Health Organization. The coca leaf is part of Colombia’s cultural DNA and is an integral part of the entire region’s heritage. Indigenous peoples have chewed coca leaves for centuries without negative physical or mental health impacts. Colombia has also found industrial uses for coca leaves, such as in medical creams and even flour, due to its nutritional content. Yet, the coca leaf is unfairly classified without scientific evidence as a precursor to cocaine, hindering our ability to commercialize these products. We urge you to reconsider this and allow the commercialization of coca leaf products. 2. Support alternative development projects and open your markets to alternative development products. Colombia asks the UNODC to create an industrialized framework for crop substitution so that communities that once cultivated coca can transition to legal, profitable alternatives, keeping them away from the influence of drug traffickers. 3. Conduct a critical review of the global drug regime’s effectiveness. Colombia, and many others, know that this approach is not working. We need to face the problem head-on and be open to new solutions. Thank you.
Iran: Iran has always been a pioneer in fighting illicit drug trafficking and addressing all aspects of the global drug problem. In 2023, my country successfully conducted numerous operations that dismantled over 2,000 drug trafficking rings and active networks, significantly disrupting the financial backbone of drug traffickers. During these operations, we seized approximately 660 tons of various narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including 24,000 kilograms of morphine, 45,000 kilograms of opium, and 37,000 kilograms of methamphetamine. In the context of combating narcotics, we adhere to the principle of common and shared responsibility. It is essential that the international community, the UNODC, and beneficiary states effectively support Iran’s anti-drug efforts. This support includes providing modern equipment, transferring technology, and offering technical assistance to strengthen border control measures, analyze, intercept, and discover illicit narcotics, and enhance laboratories. The UN has made important resolutions, but unfortunately, illegal and unfair international sanctions continue to hinder our efforts, violating the UN Charter and international law. Iran has shouldered a significant portion of the global burden in combating drug trafficking, but the international support we have received has been inadequate in relation to the financial and human costs our country has incurred. As I mentioned in August 2023, following the declaration of the Taliban’s demands in Afghanistan, opium cultivation and production in the country remain a challenge. Despite these efforts, drug trafficking originating from Afghanistan continues to pose a serious issue. In 2024, over 330 tons of various drugs have been seized in Iran, highlighting the scale of the problem. It is evident that the 95% reduction in opium production in Afghanistan has not been sustained, as seen in recent reports. Afghanistan’s struggles with chronic hardships, lack of infrastructure, and political instability are clear indicators that a drop in opium production will not last without effective international cooperation and alternative development programs in partnership with neighboring countries. Finally, I would like to draw attention to recent drug seizures from Afghanistan. In June and July 2024, over 4,000 kilograms of illicit drugs, including cannabis and opium, were seized by Iranian authorities at joint checkpoints with Afghanistan. These cases highlight the ongoing issue of drug trafficking that crosses our borders and underscores the urgent need for continued international support. Thank you.
The Netherlands: We align with the statement of the EU. The Netherlands is particularly aware of the threat posed by drug-related organized crime and the large-scale production of synthetic drugs – record number of 51 drug production sites have been identified, with the vast majority of these (25) used for scientific drug manufacture. These numbers highlight both the need for urgent action and the high priority placed by law enforcement on countering this phenomenon in recent years. Laboratories have been shifting from rural to urban areas, increasing safety risks. A recent example of this occurred in January of this year, when an accidental explosion at a suspected drug lab resulted in three fatalities. In response to these developments, the Netherlands launched a prevention campaign to educate both local communities and civilians on recognizing and reporting signs such as the presence of drug laboratories or drug-related crime. Another campaign will raise awareness of the health and societal consequences of buying illegal hard drugs, aiming to disrupt the criminal business model, for example, by increasing resilience in logistical networks and rural areas, and enhancing prosecution by increasing maximum sentences for serious drug offenses. The large-scale production of synthetic drugs in the Netherlands also carries environmental risks, as criminals often dump chemical waste into the environment without consideration. In response, the Dutch government facilitates financial support for landowners to decontaminate soil and is working on regulations to streamline this process, among other measures. Based on our experience, the Netherlands has taken on a leadership role internationally, particularly within the framework of the global audit to address the threat of synthetic drugs. This includes working on the manufacturing of synthetic drugs and their precursors. A key element in combating illegal synthetic drugs is gaining control over the trade of drug precursors and disrupting the illicit manufacture of narcotics. Together with other members of the coalition, including UNODC and the IEC, we remain committed to this effort.
Indonesia: Challenges have always existed in many regions. Indonesia has consistently been committed to implementing the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961), the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971), and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988), supporting global efforts to address the challenges of the drug problem. Mr. Chair, cannabis consumption in Indonesia is prevalent, particularly in the mountainous areas of the western provinces, where it grows easily. In response to the cultivation of cannabis, the government of Indonesia takes a comprehensive and targeted approach, aligning national strategies with broader national development and poverty reduction efforts. Indonesia believes that addressing these issues requires rapid development, but more work is still needed. Indonesia is committed to implementing a range of measures, including domestic policies and international cooperation, to tackle the illicit drug problem. Our national development strategies focus on broader drug policies that incorporate demand reduction, law enforcement, community involvement, elimination, and awareness-raising efforts. These strategies are designed with consideration for demographic, cultural, and social factors.
Japan: Despite our many efforts, the abuse of narcotic drugs continues to rise, presenting a significant challenge in combating this issue. We must address the root causes within the drug supply chain, including drug cultivation and production, which are often driven by economic necessity or choice. Japan believes it is essential to offer alternatives and lawful livelihoods to ensure the success of sustainable solutions worldwide, helping communities break free from dependence on illicit crops. In this context, Japan has made efforts in alternative development. This year, Japan allocated approximately 10 million dollars to support the cultivation of alternative crops – These initiatives are designed to help communities move away from drug cultivation and reduce drug production. Through years of experience, we have learned that supporting alternative development programs is essential for creating lasting change. Moreover, these programs bring social and economic benefits, not only for the individuals involved but for entire communities. Finally, the expansion and effectiveness of these policies depend on close partnerships with local people and efforts to address illicit cultivation and drug production, while promoting alternative development programs that support healthier and more secure communities. Japan looks forward to collaborating with global partners to identify sustainable solutions for affected communities and producers.
Canada: Given Canada’s context, I would like to briefly share some of our experiences related to the production side of synthetic drugs, which are a key driver of substance-related harms in Canada. Beyond the harms caused by these dangerous substances themselves, organized crime profits from their sale and uses these profits to finance other crimes. Competition among drug traffickers leads to violence, which harms our communities and lowers their quality of life. So, how does Canada respond to these challenges in the production and circulation of these dangerous substances? I would like to share a few tools from both the legislative and enforcement sides. Canada has strict laws in place, primarily our Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which is our federal law prohibiting the possession, production, distribution, and sale of controlled substances unless authorized by regulations or exemptions. This law also covers precursors and certain drug equipment. Additionally, the Cannabis Act establishes Canada’s legal framework for the production, distribution, sale, and possession of cannabis. To support the enforcement of these laws, Canada continues to investigate and charge criminal actors involved in illegal manufacturing and trafficking. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police operates the clandestine laboratory enforcement and response teams, which are strategically placed to support local law enforcement in detecting and dismantling clandestine labs. Just two weeks ago, we saw a significant operation and seizure in British Columbia. Our law enforcement also collaborates with private sector partners to limit the diversion of legitimate chemicals into the illegal manufacturing of substances. Canada recognizes the critical role law enforcement plays in supporting both public safety and public health outcomes, and we are committed to ensuring human rights-compliant interactions. To bolster our efforts, we’ve made significant investments and legislative changes to increase the capacity of the Canada Border Services Agency. Examples include the hiring of chemists and the creation of intelligence units focused on the import and export of synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals. Despite these controls, illicit substances continue to infiltrate our borders. As we heard yesterday, this is no longer a problem confined to North America. The flow of illegal fentanyl and its precursors now extends across continents, with reports of seizures and consumption in Southeast Asia, Australia, Europe, and other regions. Canada supports the work of the Global Coalition to address synthetic drugs, and we welcome the increasing awareness and discussions on this issue and the actions we are collectively taking to confront it. In closing, Mr. Chair, Canada calls for enhanced international information sharing and cooperation to stem the flow of synthetic drugs and precursor chemicals across borders. We remain determined to take action domestically and in collaboration with our international partners to address the situation. Thank you.
Korea: The Republic of Korea believes that while reducing the illicit cultivation and production of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is crucial, equal emphasis must be placed on addressing the potential income loss for farmers. Alternative development is key to reducing dependency on illicit crops. The Republic of Korea has engaged with the UNODC and countries in the region with the aim of reducing cultivation and promoting sustainable production.
Australia: The Australian Institute of Criminology estimates that the cost of drugs in Australia is $16.5 billion, driven by high demand for illicit drugs and Australia’s relatively high standard of living. The Australian market for drugs is characterized by very high street prices for premium drugs. For example, a kilogram of cocaine costs approximately $600 in production countries, but by the time it reaches Australia, it is worth an average of $176,250. This makes Australia a highly attractive market for drug traffickers, as they can afford to lose a substantial amount to law enforcement. Cannabis remains the most consumed illicit drug in Australia. However, the market for cannabis is worth an estimated $10.5 billion for the year ending August 2020. The cannabis market also drives serious organized crime activities in the region, particularly due to high-end cultivation, which leads to illicit money flows and related criminality in Southeast Asia. In 2023, Australia saw a surge in cocaine imports. The 2023 World Drug Report found that the street price for cocaine in Australia and New Zealand is the highest worldwide. For the year ending August 2023, Australians consumed an estimated four tons of cocaine, with an estimated street value of $1.3 billion. Australia is not a significant producer of illicit drugs but remains a dense market, particularly for stimulants. Methamphetamine remains the greatest concern, while seizures of ketamine at the border and domestically are increasing as the market continues to expand. In total, 263 kilograms of ketamine were forensically examined. The Taliban’s control over opium production in Afghanistan has had little to no impact on Australia’s heroin market, with heroin in Australia almost exclusively derived from the Golden Triangle. In recent years, synthetic opioids like fentanyl, and more recently new synthetic drugs, have become an increasing clinical concern. While the Australian illicit fentanyl market has not undergone major changes, detections remain low and on a small scale. New synthetic substances are assessed to pose a greater threat to the Australian community than fentanyl due to their high potency, leading to overdose deaths, including the recent overdose deaths of four people in Victoria. Australia is responding to the rise in synthetic substances by targeting suppliers, improving access to harm reduction measures, and considering options to control these substances and their precursor chemicals. Combating drug trafficking and organized crime remains a persistent and complex challenge, and Australia acknowledges that more can be done to strengthen national efforts. By sharing information and intelligence between agencies and internationally, we aim to combat the illicit drug threat more effectively. Thank you.
Venezuela: We have strengthened our efforts in continuous monitoring & enhanced our supply reduction measures, resulting in the seizure of at least 34 tons of drugs as of November 1, 2024. In this regard, we have intensified our actions and international cooperation with countries and organizations to combat trafficking by sea and air. We have also quantified and incinerated 6.7 tons of narcotics in Venezuela, in cooperation with international representatives accredited in our country. This amount represents 21% of the total drugs seized. Venezuela wishes to reaffirm its position on several issues. Firstly, we oppose the securitization of the drug issue, and resist framing this problem as a threat to international peace. We believe that this approach often leads individuals to violate the sovereignty of nations. Instead, we emphasize an approach that prioritizes public health, social development, and mutual respect. Our discourse stresses that the drug problem should not be conflated with terrorism, as each of these crimes has different motivations and consequences. Our policy reflects a commitment to addressing the drug issue with a view to equitable and cooperative solutions, sharing responsibility for the challenges faced by future states. We continue to confirm the importance of cross-border cooperation that respects national jurisdiction and international law.
China: In China, (number) drug-related crimes were reported, with 65 arrests and the seizure of 35.9 pounds of various drugs. Drug trafficking activities have been ongoing in China following the COVID-19 pandemic, though at a lower level. However, since the pandemic, serious drug policies and activities have led to a rise in substances such as synthetic drugs, which are easier to obtain, cheaper, and have similar effects for those who abuse them. In October 2023, Chinese government officials intensified control over drug production. The drug production teams have become smaller, more discreet, and harder to detect. In 2023, China seized more than 600 grams of drugs, and drug trafficking through online methods has been harder to uncover. Approximately 3,000 cases of internet-related drug trafficking were reported, a 14% increase compared to the previous year. China continues to emphasize its international cooperation with other countries to address the global drug trade. In addition, China has supported alternative development programs in Myanmar, introducing policies that open the Chinese market to these products, while also reducing import taxes. Over 100 Chinese companies are involved in alternative development projects in Myanmar, particularly in regions like Hopi. These initiatives have significantly improved infrastructure, with investments in schools, health centers, and public welfare in northern Myanmar, contributing to social and economic development in the region. Thank you very much.
Afghanistan: Our research on drug cultivation highlights that, after the 2022 reduction in cultivation, there was a decline in production. Provinces that previously had high levels of production saw a significant decrease in cultivation. We value the commitment to monitoring and reporting on drug-related issues in Afghanistan. However, we are concerned about the reliance on information provided by the government, as it may validate and legitimize the negative consequences of drug trade activities. For instance, the reduction in cultivation has been cited as a success, but enforcement of the ban varies across regions, with some areas enforcing it strictly while others show more flexibility. This selective enforcement creates uneven progress and undermines efforts to combat the drug trade effectively. Attention must also be given to the economic hardship facing Afghanistan, particularly in rural co mmunities, where farmers have been left without sustainable alternatives after the ban on cultivation. Many of these communities are experiencing food insecurity and an increased risk of social unrest. Moreover, the report fails to address the benefits derived from the drug trade, which continue to fuel the Taliban’s operations. The rise in production in Afghanistan also poses serious regional and global security threats, raising questions about the true intentions of the Taliban in maintaining control over the country.In conclusion, we are concerned that actions taken by the Taliban regarding drug control, which may align with international norms, fail to acknowledge the political and economic realities on the ground. We believe it is essential to hold the Taliban accountable while ensuring that the situation is approached with balance and a clear understanding of the underlying issues.
Morocco: (reporting on seizures) We continue to reinforce our regional and internaitonal cooperations. We have supported dismantling of international groups. The World Drug Problem remains our shared responsibility. In the spirit of consensus and responsibilty, we can only succeed together. The proliferation of illicit drugs is a standing concern, but we are confident in our coalitions fostered by the UNODC to protect public health and wellbeing of humanity.
UNODC: World drug reports have shown an increase in the number of synthetic drugs. There has also been a surge in the volume and variety of both controlled and non-controlled precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of methamphetamine-type stimulants and other synthetic substances. Member states are facing increasing sophistication of organized crime groups and the methods they use for clandestine manufacturing, resulting in the global proliferation of clandestine laboratories involved in the processing, extraction, synthesis, and packaging of these substances. There are currently over 5,000 laboratories, many of which are flammable, explosive, or toxic. These labs generate significant amounts of highly dangerous and toxic chemical waste that can impact both land and the environment if not managed properly. Dismantling these laboratories and safely handling seized materials, including the disposal of drugs and chemicals, presents a considerable challenge. Distinguished delegates, to support member states in addressing these challenges, the United Nations narcotics laboratory provides a range of support, including the annual disposal of seized materials and the production of safe disposal practices. In addition, the UNODC is about to launch a web-based application to support the investigation of clandestine laboratories and is offering training courses on the investigation and dismantling of such labs. The existing curricula of these training courses support law enforcement and transit personnel. These resources will be hosted in a dedicated module on synthetic drugs, available in all UN languages, featuring over 500 disciplinary sources from cross-system collaborations, including the World Health Organization and IMCD, and will be accessible to experts, policymakers, and researchers. Today, it has been accessed by 289 experts. Distinguished delegates, I invite countries to make use of UNODC resources to address the challenges of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Chair: Thank you so much for the presentations. I now give the floor to Colombia.
Colombia: I have a question that could have been raised yesterday, as our colleague just mentioned the issue of seizures. I would like to ask: why is it that the highest amount of seizures are associated with cocaine, despite it being the fourth most consumed drug in the world according to the UNODC report, behind cannabis, opioids, and amphetamines? In Europe, consumption is global. Thank you.
UNODC : Colombia, don’t ask difficult questions. Unfortunately, I cannot tell you why there are so many seizures related to cocaine. But one thing I can tell you is that synthetic drugs, which can be produced anywhere globally, are manufactured at different scales and can be produced without concern for growing seasons or available labor forces. So, even though the numbers are smaller, the risks are tremendous. I don’t have a clear answer on this, but I believe there should be research. We need an evidence-based approach to resolve this issue so it doesn’t continue to be problematic. I hope that satisfies you and doesn’t lead to more difficult questions.
Chair: Thank you everyone, the intersessional continues in the afternoon.